In using Wireless Technology we can use tools without using cables. In the early days Analog was used for connect tools. After that world found the Digital Technology. Using the Digital technology, world created various instruments and cultivates the global day by day. Wireless technology is mostly using to connect people around the world. Internet, mobile phone technology are offshoot of the wireless technology. People who using internet, they download files, upload files, connecting to various web pages. People who using mobile phones, they didn’t need to just call and SMS. They want to access internet true the mobile phones, share video sms, to look his calling partner true a call. Because of that scientists looked about a way to access internet very fast and provide a better experience for mobile phone users. Then they created 3G technology and hand over to the global.
2. First Generation - Analog
Analog technology was built in 1980’s. As a technology it is the process of taking video or audio signal and converting it into electronic pulse.
3. Second Generation - Digital
In the Digital technology, it takes signals and translates into binary.
4. Third Generation - 3G
4.1 What is the mean of “3G”?
We use the “3G” to explain about the third generation of mobile services. 3G is the minimize word of third generation. The first generation is Analog. Digital is the second generation.
4.2 Launch of Third Generation
It was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Tokyo on 1st October 2001. The brand name for 3G is FOMA. It was offered by NTT DoCoMo. FOMA stand for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access.
4.3 NTT DoCoMo
NTT DoCoMo is one of the largest mobile communications company in Japan. They launch the third generation to the world. Third generation network initially just covered a 30km radius in central Tokyo. That is the first 3G network implemented in the world. The investment into the infrastructure of the network in 2003 was estimated at ¥800 billion ($6.7 billion).
4.4 What is 3G wireless?
Wireless technologies moved analog to digital and now it is moving digital to 3G. A group of wireless technologies is now using wireless broadband, high speed, and packet-based networks using 3G. Wireless network of 3G is able to transferring data up to 384Kbps. The 3G technology makes mobile phone and other devices as to Mobile labs. Because now users can download, upload music and video files very high speed. We call that to FOMA (Freedom Of Mobile Multimedia Access). FOMA use W-CDMA technology for transfer data over its networks.
4.5 3G Standards
- W-CDMA
- UMTS
- FOMA
W-CDMA is one of a third generation mobile phone technology. It stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. W-CDMA has ability to send digital format of data in high range of frequencies, move faster than Digital networks and also can take high range of bandwidth. W-CDMA is based on a radio access technique proposed and designed by ETSI Alpha group. W-CDMA is based upon two technologies.
- Spread spectrum technology
- Multi rate technology
4.5.1.1 Spread spectrum technology
This is transmits radio signals over a wider frequency than normal 2G systems. It is allowing all users to share a broad bandwidth. It is hardy against disturbance and noise and gives a common frequency to be used across all cells, making frequency switching unnecessary.
4.5.1.2 Multi rate technology
This technology helps to select most suitable communication speed and transmission channel for data based upon its type and size. It is giving the highest speeds and best quality in transmission.
4.5.2 UMTS
This is another phone technology of third generation. UMTS is stand for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. It is sub standard of W-CDMA. UMTS sometimes markets as 3GSM. Because it is a combination of 3G technology and GSM stands. UMTS can transfer data up to 1920Kbit/s. This is still greater than single GSM error corrected circuit switched data channel or multiple channels.
4.5.3 FREEDOM OF MOBILE MULTIMEDIA ACCESS (FOMA)
FOMA allows the downloading of video images and high speed internet access at range of 65kbps and 384kbps (downlink). That is 40 times faster than the MOVA 2G network. FOMA high speed packet data communications are able to handle more multimedia content than ever before. There are few other services available in FOMA. It has including packet data communication, Short messages, voice mail, call forwarding and call waiting and other upgrade services. The greatest benefits are in image and music content and the capability to email messages of greater than 10,000 characters, while attaching images and music files.
4.5.3.1 Contractors
They was supplying and installing the core network equipments, base station transceivers (BST) and infrastructure included NEC, Ericsson and Lucent.
4.5.3.2 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE
The new 3G network also uses Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), a cell switching and asynchronous multiplexing technology that manages packet switching (flexibility, efficiency for intermittent traffic) and circuit switching (constant transmission delay, guaranteed capacity) on the same network using cell relay technology. This means that the same network can handle various traffic types to allow multimedia connectivity (ex:- voice transmission, video, data, MPEG4 etc). The network gains the following benefits:
- Fixed-size cells, permitting more efficient switching in hardware than is possible with variable-length packets
- Connection-oriented service, allowing routing of cells through the ATM network over virtual connections, sometimes called virtual circuits, using simple connection identifiers Asynchronous multiplexing, permitting efficient use of bandwidth and interleaving of data of varying priority and size; ATM can also operate point-to-point connections or point-to-multi point connections allowing flexibility for services
“High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8-10 Mbps (and 20 Mbps for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink. HSDPA implementations includes Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), fast cell search, and advanced receiver design.
In 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards, Release 4 specifications provide efficient IP support enabling provision of services through an all-IP core network and Release 5 specifications focus on HSDPA to provide data rates up to approximately 10 Mbps to support packet-based multimedia services. MIMO systems are the work item in Release 6 specifications, which will support even higher data transmission rates up to 20 Mbps. HSDPA is evolved from and backward compatible with Release 99 WCDMA systems.”
HSDPA stands for High Speed Downlink Packet Access. It also introduce as High Speed Downlink Protocol Access. It is a member of third generation (3G) mobile technology. HSDPA designed for increase data transfer rates and the capacity of such networks through the transfer of data using cellular phones. It is associated with various Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems. Currently HSDPA can transfer data range between 1.8 Megabits per second to 14.4 Megabits per second. It is not a very high speed compare with other wired networks. But it is special for wireless mobile phone technology. Also HSPDA has ability to expand transfer capacity. HSDPA networks can now transfer data up to 30 Gigabytes of each an every month.
Now over one hundred HSDPA capable networks use this technology in fifty four countries. Those types of networks have ability to transfer data 3.6Mega bytes per second. But now most of them are trying to offer 7.2 Mega Bytes per second. HSDPA has completion with EVDO. EVDO stands for Evolution Data Optimized. It is provided by CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular providers. CDMA-EVDO had better market in last few years. Because It has fast downlink speed. But HSDPA is steadily taking that market. Because of CDMA-EVDO providers are beginning to change their technology to HSDPA.
5.2 Future of HSDPA
Meaning of HSPA is High Speed Packet Access. It is giving broadband experience to our notebook or mobile phones. HSPA is a section of GSM 3G network. It is a software upgrade of the network infrastructure.
6. What is HSUPA?
HSUPA stands for High Speed Uplink Packet Access. It has ability take uplink speed up to 5.76 Megabytes per second. The specifications for HSUPA are included in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Release 6 standard published by 3GPP.
Similar to HSDPA, HSUPA uses a packet scheduler, but it operates on a request-grant principle where the UEs request a permission to send data and the scheduler decides when and how many UEs will be allowed to do so. A request for transmission contains data about the state of the transmission buffer and the queue at the UE and its available power margin. In addition to this scheduled mode of transmission the standards also allows a self-initiated transmission mode from the UEs, denoted non-scheduled.
7. What is Super 3G?
Super 3G features low latency data transmission and improved spectrum efficiently. It is a highly advance version of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Which have been evolved from W-CDMA packet transmission technologies standardized by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The 3GPP, a telecommunications standards organization, is currently discussing standardization of Super 3G under the name Long Term Evolution (LTE).
8. Features of 3G
3G technology gives various features to mobile users. Some features are modification of past features and some features are new experiences for mobile phone users. Those help to mobile phone users to upgrade their efficiency and entertainment. There are some features like video telephony, high speed web browsing, searching e-mails, down loading music & video files, audio & video streaming, internet surfing etc.
Video Telephony
High speed web browsing
Audio and video streaming
Normally audio and video files have some of megabytes. So if we want to stream it, we have to look some minutes. But now we can stream data in high speed using mobile phones.
Mobile TV
Users can watch TV channels truly mobile phones by using 3G technology. So users can take some additional entertainment.
3G users have ability to access to the internet very high speed. Because of it has high data transferring speed than other wireless technologies. Sometimes it is faster than some wired technologies. Something likes normal CDMA. So users can do their personal and business internet requirement using that advantage.
Also users have a chance to upgrade their entertainment requirements using 3G technology. Because 3G have abilities to stream data, watch TV channels, video calling, download and upload files etc.
